第十五课（下）

 

单词表：

Italia -ae f 意大利

memoria -ae f 记忆，回忆

tempestās tempestātis f 时间段，季节；天气，风暴

centum indecl adj不变格形容词，一百。

mīlle indecl adj in sg.单数为不可变格形容词，一千；mīlia mīlium 复数名词，几千

miser misera miserum 可怜的，痛苦的，不幸的

inter prep+acc 在……之间，在……中间

itaque adv 然后，因此

committō -mittere -mīsī -missum 委托，提交

exspectō (1) 希望，等待

iaciō iacere iēcī iactum 扔，投掷。（该词在复合中改变形式为：-iciō -icere -iēcī -iectum：例如：ēiciō ēicere ēiēcī ēiectum 扔出去，扔掉）

timeō timēre timuī 害怕，担心

 

 

PRACTICE AND REVIEW

1. illae quīnque fēminae inter ea animālia mortem nōn timēbant.

Those five women were not afraid of death among those animals.

2. duo ex fīliīs ā portā per agrōs cum patre suō herī currēbant et in aquam cecidērunt.

Two of the sons were running from the gate through the fields with their father yesterday and they fell into the water.

3. primus rēx dīvitiās in mare iēcit, nam magnam īram et vim turbae timuit.

The first king threw riches into the sea, for he feared the great anger and power of the crowd.

4. nēmō eandem partem Asiae ūnō annō vincet.

No one will conquer the same part of Asia in one year.

5. Rōmānī quattuor ex eīs urbibus prīmā viā iūnxērunt.

The Romans joined four of their cities with the first road.

6. itaque mīlia librōrum eius ab urbe trāns Italiam mīsistis.

And so, you sent his thousands of books from the city across Italy.

7. Lībertātem et iūra hārum urbium artibus bellī cōnservāvimus.

We preserved the liberty and rights of these cities from the arts of war.

8. dī Graecī sē inter hominēs cum virtūte saepe nōn gerēbant.

The Greek gods often did not conduct themselves with virtue among men.

9. Cicerō mīlia Rōmānōrum vī sententiārum suārum dūcēbat.

Cicero led thousands of Romans by the power of his thoughts.

10. Sententiae medicī eum cārum mihi numquam fēcērunt.

The doctor’s opinions never made him dear to me.

11. The tyrant used to entrust his life to those three friends.

Tyrannus tribus amicis illis vitam suam committebat.

12. The greedy man never has enough wealth.

Avarus numquam satis habet divitiarum.

13. At that time we saved their mother with those six letters.

Eo tempore matrem eorum illis sex litteris servavimus.

14. Through their friends they conquered the citizens of the ten cities.

Decem urbium cives amicis vicerunt.

 

 

SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE

1. Diū in istā nāve et propter tempestātem nūbēsque semper mortem exspectābam. (Terence. --nāvis nāvis f 船)

I have long been on that ship and because of the storm and clouds, I kept expecting death.

2. Septem hōrīs ad eam urbem vēnimus. (Cicero.)

We came to that city in seven hours.

3. Italia illīs temporibus erat plēna Graecārum artium, et multī Rōmānī ipsī hās artēs colēbant. (Cicerō. --artēs 文学，哲学。--colō -ere 耕耘，追求)

Italy was full of the Greek arts in those times, and many Romans themselves cultivated these arts.

4. Inter bellum et pācem dubitābant. (Tacitus. --dubitāre 犹豫，徘徊。)

They kept hesitating between war and peace.

5. Eō tempore istum ex urbe ēiciēbam. (Cicero.)

In that time, I was driving that man out of the city.

6. Dīcēbat quisque miser: “Cīvis Rōmānus sum.” (Cicero.)

Each wretch kept saying: “I am a Roman citizen.”

7. Mea puella passerem suum amābat, et passer ad eam sōlam semper pīpiābat nec sē ex gremiō movēbat. (Catullus. --passer -seris m 麻雀。--pīpiāre 喳喳叫。--gremium -iī 大腿，膝盖。--movēre 移动。)

My girl used to love her sparrow, and the sparrow used to chirp only to her and it did not move away from her lap.

8. Fīliī meī frātrem meum dīligēbant, mē vītābant; mē patrem acerbum appellābant et meam mortem exspectābant. Nunc autem mōrēs meōs mūtāvī et duōs fīliōs ad mē crās traham. (Terence.)

My sons used to love my brother, they shunned me; they used to call me a bitter father and awaited my death. But now, I have changed my behavior and tomorrow I shall drag my two sons (back) to me.

9. Dionysius tyrannus, quoniam tōnsōrī caput committere timēbat, fīliās suās barbam et capillum tondēre docuit; itaque virginēs tondēbant barbam et capillum patris. (Cicero.--tōnsor -sōris 理发师。--barba -ae 胡子。--capillus -ī 头发。--tondēre 剪，刮。)

Since he was afraid to entrust his head to a barber, the tyrant Dionysius taught his daughters to cut his beard and hair; and so the maidens used to cut their father’s beard and hair.

 

CYRUS' DYING WORDS ON IMMORTALITY

O meī fīliī trēs, nōn dēbētis esse miserī. Ad mortem enim nunc veniō, sed pars meī, animus meus, semper remanēbit. Dum eram vōbīscum, animum nōn vidēbātis, sed ex factīs meīs intellegēbātis eum esse in hōc corpore. Crēdite igitur animum esse eundem post mortem, etiam sī eum nōn vidēbitis, et semper cōnservāte mē in memoriā vestrā.

(Cicero, Dē Senectūte 22.79-81. --Cyrus the Great, whom Cicero quotes here, was a Persian king of the 6^th cen.B.C. --crēdō -ere 相信。)

O my three sons, you should not be miserable. Indeed I now come to death, but a part of me, my soul, will always remain. While I was with you, you did not see the soul, but from my deeds you understood that it was in this body. Therefore believe that the soul is the same after death, even if you will not see it, and always keep me in your memory.

 

 

FABIAN TACTICS

etiam in senectūte Quīntus Fabius Maximus erat vir vērae virtūtis et bella cum animīs adulēscentis gerēbat. Dē eō amīcus noster Ennius, doctus ille poēta, haec verba ōlim scrīpsit: “ūnus homō cīvitātem fortūnātam nōbīs cūnctātiōne cōnservāvit. Rūmōrēs et fāmam nōn pōnēbat ante salūtem Rōmae. Glōria eius, igitur, nunc bene valet et semper valēbit.”

(Ibid.4.10. --Quintus Fabius Maximus enjoyed considerable success against Hannibal in the Second Punic War [218-201B.C.] through his delaying tactics, thus earning the epithet Cūnctātor the Delayer. --Ennius, 早期罗马诗人。--cūnctātiō -ōnis 拖延。--rūmor -mōris 传言，流言。--pōnō -ere 放，安放。--salūs salūtis f 安全。)

Even in old age, Quintus Fabius Maximus was a man of true virtue and he waged wars with the courage of a young man. Our friend Ennius, the learned poet, once wrote these words about him: "One man protected the fortunate state for us by means of delaying. He did not place rumors and report before the safety of Rome. His glory, therefore, is now strong and will always be strong."

 

 

第十四课（下）

 

单词表：

animal animālis n 动物

aqua -ae f 水

ars artis f 艺术，技术

auris auris f 耳朵

cīvis cīvis m&f 公民

iūs iūris n 正确，公正，法律

mare maris n 海

mors mortis f 死亡

nūbēs nūbis f 云

ōs ōris n 嘴，脸

Rōma -ae f 罗马

turba -ae f 喧嚣，骚动，人群，暴徒，大量

urbs urbis f 城市

vīs vīs f 军队，权力，暴力；vīrēs vīrium pl 力气

ā（在辅音前），ab（在元音或辅音前），介词+夺格.,从……；被……（人）；常常用在复合词中。

trāns 介词+宾语。穿过；也可作为前缀。

appellō (1) 对……说，演讲，称作，命名

currō currere cucurrī cursum 跑，冲，迅速地移动

mūtō (1) 改变；交换

teneō tenēre tenuī tentum 保持，保留，占有；制止；作为词根 -tineō -ēre -tinuī -tentum，比如contineō

vītō (1) 避免，避开；请勿与vīvō混淆。

 

 

PRACTICE AND REVIEW

1. magnam partem illārum urbium post multōs annōs vī et cōnsiliō capiēbat.

He seized a great portion of those cities after many years, by means of force and a plan.

2. Ante Caesaris ipsīus oculōs trāns viam cucurrimus et cum amīcīs fūgimus.

Before the eyes of Caesar himself, we ran across the road and fled with friends.

3. Nēmō vitia sua videt, sed quisque illa alterīus.

No one sees their own faults, but each person (sees) those of another.

4. Monuitne nūper eōs dē vītibus illārum urbium in Asiā?

Has he recently warned them about the strength of those cities in Asia?

5. ipsī autem lībertātem cīvium suōrum magnā cum cūrā aluerant.

But they themselves had sustained their citizens’ liberty with great care.

6. Nōmina multārum urbium nostrārum ab nōminibus urbium antīquārum trāximus.

We have derived many of our cities’ names from the names of ancient cities.

7. Pars cīvium dīvitiās cēpit et per urbem ad mare cucurrit.

A portion of the citizens has seized wealth and run through the city to the sea.

8. Hodiē multae nūbēs in caelō sunt signum īrae acerbae deōrum.

Today, the many clouds in the sky are a sign of the gods’ harsh anger.

9. illud animal herī ibi cecidit et sē trāns terram ab agrō trahēbat.

That animal fell there yesterday and dragged itself across the ground from the field.

10. That wicked tyrant did not long preserve the rights of these citizens.

Ille tyrannus malus non diu iura horum civium conservavit.

11. Great is the force of the arts.

Magna vis artium est.

12. His wife was standing there with her own friends and doing that with patience.

Uxor eius cum amicis suis ibi stabat et illud cum patientia faciebat.

13. Cicero felt and said the same thing concerning his own life and the nature of death.

Cicero de sua vita mortisque natura idem sentiebat et dicebat.

 

SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE

1. Et Deus aquās maria in prīncipiō appellāvit. (〈创世纪〉; aquās是直接宾语，maria是间接宾语。)

And God named the waters the seas in the beginning.

2. terra ipsa hominēs et animālia ōlim creāvit. (Lucretius.)

The land itself then created men and animals.

3. Pān servat ovēs et magistrōs fortūnātōs ovium. (Virgil. --Pan潘神，草场和放牧之神。--ovis ovis f绵羊)

Pan guards sheep and the blessed masters of the sheep.

4. Parva formīca onera magna ōre trahit. (Horace. --formīca -ae 蚂蚁。--onus oneris n 负荷，负担)

A little ant hauls great loads with its mouth.

5. Auribus teneō lupum. (*Terence. --lupus -ī 狼。)

I am holding a wolf by the ears.

6. ille magnam turbam clientium sēcum habet. (Horace. --cliēns -entis m 客户，依附者)

That man has a great crowd of clients with him.

7. Hunc nēmō vī neque pecūniā superāre potuit. (Ennius.)

No one has been able to conquer this man by means of force or money.

8. animus eius erat ignārus artium malārum. (Sallust. --ignārus -a -um 无辜的，无知的)

His mind was ignorant of evil arts.

9. magna pars meī mortem vītābit. (Horace.)

A great part of me will avoid death.

10. vōs, amīcī doctī, exemplāria Graeca semper cum cūrā versāte. (Horace. --exemplar -plāris 模型，原物。--versāre 转向；学习。)

You, learned friends; always study the Greek originals with care.

11. nōn vīribus et celeritāte corporum magna gerimus, sed sapientiā et sententiā et arte. (Cicero. --celeritās -tātis 迅速。)

We accomplish great things not through strength and swiftness of our bodies, but through wisdom and feeling and art.

12. istī caelum, nōn animum suum, mūtant, sī trāns mare currunt. (Horace.)

Those people change their sky, not their spirit, if they run across the sea.

 

 

STORE TEETH

Thāis habet nigrōs, niveōs Laecānia dentēs.

Quae ratiō est? ēmptōs haec habet, illa suōs.

(*Martial 5.43; meter: elegiac couplet. --Thāis 和Laecānia是女名。--niger -gra -grum 黑色的。--niveus -a -um 雪白的。--dēns dentis m 牙。--quae 疑问形容词，修饰ratiō，什么。--ēmptōs [dentēs]完成时被动分词，购买的。)

 

Thais has black teeth, Laecania has snowy white ones.

What is the reason? This woman has bought (teeth), that one has her own.

 

 

CICERO IMAGINES THE STATE OF ROME ITSELF URGING HIM TO PUNISH THE CATILINARIAN CONSPIRATORS

M.Tullī Cicerō, quid agis? istī prō multīs factīs malīs poenās dare nunc dēbent; eōs enim ad mortem dūcere dēbēs, quod Rōmam in multa perīcula nōn dēbēs cōgitāre hōs malōs esse cīvēs, nam numquam in hāc urbe prōditōrēs patriae iūra cīvium tenuērunt; hī iūra sua āmīsērunt. Populus Rōmānus tibi magnās grātiās aget, M.Tullī, sī istōs cum virtūte nunc multābis.

(Cicero. In Catilīnam 1.11.27-28；见第十一章和下面第二十章的阅读材料。--multāre 惩罚。--prōditor -tōris 背叛者。)

M.[arcus] Tullius Cicero, what are you doing? Those men should now pay the penalty for their many evil deeds; you should indeed lead them to death, because they have dragged Rome into many dangers. Romans have often punished even citizens by death in this state. But you should not consider these evil men citizens, for never in this city have betrayers of the fatherland regarded the rights of the citizens; these men send away their own rights. The Roman people will give you great thanks, M. Tullius, if you will punish those men with virtue.