两位版主、Varro和蜜蜂我，热烈欢迎各位拉丁文同好前往魔法英语社区之拉丁语版。论坛地址：

 

 

两位版主一直以来都是偶们论坛的中流砥柱，Varro兄是最渊博最亲切的Mentor，蜜蜂要做勤劳的工蜂，继续送上Wheelock、Cambridge和各种教会拉丁文材料

 

Leonie, 大芳，Esmy……有空上来逛逛呐。

 第二十二课（下）：练习

 

PRACTICE AND REVIEW

1. Vīcīnī nostrī sē in genua prōtinus iēcērunt et omnēs deōs in mundō laudāvērunt.

Our neighbors immediately threw themselves onto their knees and praised all the gods in the world.

2. Gentēs Graeciae ingentibus montibus et parvīs fīnibus continēbantur.

The Greek peoples were enclosed by huge mountains and small borders.

3. Quis iussit illam rem pūblicam servitūte asperā līberārī?

Who has order that republic to be freed from harsh servitude?

4. “Iste,” inquit, “sceleribus suīs brevī tempore tollētur.”

“That man,” he said, “will be destroyed by his own crimes in a short time.”

5. Contrā aliās manūs malōrum cīvium eaedem rēs iterum parābuntur; rem pūblicam dēfendēmus et istī cito discēdent.

The same things will again be prepared against other bands of bad citizens; we shall defend the republic and those (citizens) will quickly go away.

6. Senectūs senēs ā mediīs rēbus saepe prohibet.

Age often keeps the old from the center of affairs.

7. At rēs gravēs neque vī neque spē geruntur sed cōnsiliō.

But serious matters are conducted neither by force nor by hope, but by judgment.

8. Sī versūs hōrum duōrum poētārum neglegētis, magnā parte Rōmānārum litterārum carēbitis.

If you (will) neglect these two poets’ verses, you will lack a great part of Roman literature.

9. Eōdem tempore nostrae spēs salūtis commūnis vestrā fidē altae sunt, spīritūs sublātī sunt, et timōrēs relictī sunt.

At that time, our hopes for the common safety were maintained by your faith, our spirits were uplifted, and our fears were left behind. (alo alere alui altus v trans feed, nourish, rear, nurse, support, maintain; relinquo relinquere reliqui relictus v leave behind, abandon; (pass.) be left, remain; bequeath.)

10. Nova genera scelerum in hāc urbe inveniuntur quod multī etiam nunc bonīs mōribus et sēnsū commūnī carent ac nātūram sinistram habent.

New types of crimes are being found in this city because many even now lack good character and common sense and they have a wicked nature.

11. Vulgus multa ex fenestrīs casārum ēiciēbat.

The common people were throwing many things out of the windows of their houses.

12. Great fidelity can now be found in this commonwealth.

Magna fides nunc in hac re publica invenire potest.

13. His new hopes had been destroyed by the common fear of uncertain things.

Spes novae eius metu communi deletae erant rerum incertarum.

14. On that day the courage and the faith of the brave Roman men and women were seen by all.

Hoc die animi fidesque Romanorum virorum et feminarum fortium ab omnibus visae erant.

15. With great hope the tyrant ordered those ships to be destroyed.

Tyrannus magna cum spe naves illas deleri iussit.

16. He could not defend himself with his left hand or his right.

Non potuit manu sinistra aut dextra se defendere.

 

SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE

1. Dum vīta est, spēs est. (Cicero.)

While there is life, there is hope.

2. Aequum animum in rēbus difficilibus servā. (Horace.)

Keep a calm spirit in difficult matters. (servā: imperative of servo servare servavi servatus v watch over; protect, keep, guard, preserve, save)

3. Ubi tyrannus est, ibi plānē est nūlla rēs pūblica. (*Cicero. -- plānē, adv clearly.)

Where there is a tyrant, there clearly is no republic.

4. Fuērunt quondam in hāc rē pūblicā virī magnae virtūtis et antīquae fideī. (Cicero.)

There were once men of great virtue and of ancient fidelity in this republic.

5. Hanc rem pūblicam salvam esse volumus. (*Cicero. -- volumus we wish.)

We want this republic to be safe.

6. Spēs coniūrātōrum mollibus sententiīs multōrum cīvium alitur. (Cicero. -- mollis -e soft, mild.)

The conspirators’ hope is nourished by the mild opinions of many citizens.

7. Rēs pūblica cōnsiliīs meīs eō diē ex igne atque ferrō ērepta est. (Cicero.-- eripio eripere eripui ereptus v snatch away, take by force; rescue.)

On that day, the republic was rescued from the fire and the sword by my plans.

8. Quod bellum ōdērunt, prō pāce cum fidē labōrābant. (Livy.)

Because they hate war, with hope they kept laboring for peace.

9. Dīc mihi bonā fidē: tū eam pecūniam ex eius manū dextrā nōn ēripuistī? (Plautus.)

Tell me in good faith: did you not snatch that money out of his right hand?

10. Amīcus certus in rē incertā cernitur. (Ennius. -- cerno cernere crevi cretus v trans separate, distinguish, discern, resolve, determine; see; examine; decide…)

A certain friend is distinguished in an uncertain affair.

11. Homērus audītōrem in mediās rēs rapit. (Horace. -- medius -a -um adj middle, middle of, mid; common, neutral; moderate; ambiguous…)

Homer carries off the listener into the middle of things.

12. Fēlīx est quī potest causās rērum intellegere; et fortūnātus ille quī deōs antīquōs dīligit. (Virgil.)

Blessed is he who can understand the causes of things; and fortunate is he who loves the ancient gods.

13. Stōicus noster, “Vitium,” inquit, “nōn est in rēbus sed in animō ipsō.” (Seneca. -- Stōicus -ī a stoic.斯多葛学派信徒)

Our Stoic says, “Vice is not in things but in the spirit itself.”

14. Et mihi rēs subiungam, nōn mē rēbus. (Horace. -- subiungō -ere to subject.)

I subject things to even myself, not myself to things.

15. Est modus in rēbus; sunt certī finēs ultrā quōs virtūs invenīrī nōn potest. (Horace.)

There is a method in things; there are clear boundaries, beyond which virtue cannot be found.

16. Hoc, Fortūna, tibi vidētur aequum? (*Martial.)

Does this seem fair to you, Fortune?

 

 

A VISIT FROM THE YOUNG INTERNS

Languēbam: sed tū comitātus prōtinus ad mē

  vēnistī centum, Symmache, discipulīs.

Centum mē tetigēre manūs aquilōne gelātae:

  nōn habuī febrem, Symmache, nunc habeō!

(*Martial 5.9; meter: elegiac couplet. -- languēre 生病，虚弱。-- comitātus -a -um 由……伴随着； -- Symmachus 希腊人名，在此指一医学院教授；--centum…sidcipulīs 夺格，和comitātus连用，表媒介；--tetigēre =tetigērunt；--aquilō -lōnis m 北风；-- gelātus -a -um 冻僵的，在此修饰centum…manūs；-- febris febris f 发烧。)

 

I used to be sick: but you came to me at once,

Symmachus, accompanied by a hundred students.

A hundred hands chilled by the north wind touched me:

I did not have a fever, Symmachus, now I have one!

（一百常虚指数量多；北风作为冻僵的代名词）

 

ON AMBITION AND LITERATURE, BOTH LATIN AND GREEK

Poētae per litterās hominibus magnam perpetuamque fāmam dare possunt; multī virī, igitur, litterās dē suīs rēbus scrībī cupiunt. Trahimur omnēs studiō laudis et multī glōriā dūcuntur, quae aut in litterīs Graecīs aut Latīnīs invenīrī potest. Quī, autem, videt multum frūctum glōriae in versibus Latīnīs sed nōn in Graecīs, nimium errat, quod litterae Graecae leguntur in omnibus ferē gentibus, sed Latīnae in fīnibus suīs continentur.

(Cicero, Prō Archiā 11.26, 10.23. -- ferē adv 几乎)

Poets can give great and everlasting fame through their literature; therefore, many men wish literature about their own affairs to be written. We are all drawn by the pursuit of praise and many are led by glory, which either in Greek or Latin literature can be found. However, (he) who sees much benefit of glory in Latin verses but not in Greek, is too mistaken, because Greek literature is read in almost all nations, but Latin is contained in our borders.

 

随我自学/复习Wheelock Latin

需要书的学友请至http://www.magic-e.org/latin/textbook.htm 下载。

 

第二十二课 第五种变格；夺格表示地点；夺格用法总结

Chapter 22 Fifth Declension; Ablative of Place Where; Summary of Ablative Uses

 

第五种变格

第五种变格是拉丁文名词的最后一种变格形式。特点是-ē-，以及属格和与格的-ēī/-eī词尾。（在元音后面为-ēī，辅音后为-eī）。除了diēs和merīdiēs为阳性，其它所有第五变格均为阴性。

	rēs, reī, 阴性 事物	diēs, diēī 阳性 日子	词尾归纳
单数	rēs rēī reī rem rē	diēs diēī diēī diem diē	-ēs -eī, -ēī -eī, -ēī -em -ē
复数	rēs rērum rēbus rēs rēbus	diēs diērum diēbus diēs diēbus	-ēs -ērum -ēbus -ēs -ēbus

 

请注意它们的单数属格和与格形式相同；单数主格，复数主格和宾格也相同（当然也包括呼格）。

 

夺格表地点；夺格用法总结

我们已经学过的夺格用法包括：夺格表工具手段、情状、伴随（十四课），夺格与基数词，夺格表时间（十五课）；夺格表途径（十八课），表来自和分隔（二十课）。

而夺格表地点（在哪里）的用法对我们来说也不陌生：一般会有介词in或者sub加上名词夺格形式，描述某人或某物的方位或者动作发生的地点：

In magnā cāsā vīvunt. 他们生活在一间大房子里。

Nāvis sub aquā fuit. 船在水下。

 

夺格的各种用法有的必须加介词，有的不加，有的可加可否。但需要记住的是，当用夺格表情状（manner）的时候，若名词有形容词修饰，cum通常会省略；若不省略，cum会放在形容词之后。（例如：id magnā cūrā fēcit和id magnā cum cūrā fēcit意思相同）

 

夺格与下列介词连用：

1，  cum 表示伴随：Cum amīcō id scrīpsit. 他和他的朋友一起写它。

2，cum表示情状：Cum curā id scrīpsit. 他以极大的小心写它。

3，in和sub表地点（在哪里）：In urbe id scrīpsit. 他在城里写它。

4，ab, dē, ex表示地点（自哪里）：Ex urbe id mīsit. 他从城里寄出。

5，ab, dē, ex表示分隔：Ab urbe eōs prohibuit. 他将他们与城市隔开。

6，ex或者dē跟在基数词后表示一组中的部分：Trēs ex nāvibus discessērunt. 船只中的三艘离开了。

 

不带介词的夺格有：

1，表工具手段：suā manū id scrīpsit. 他用自己的手写了它。

2，表情状（有形容词修饰时）：Magnā cūrā id scrīpsit. 他以很大的小心写了它。

3，表时间几点钟或某段时间内：Eō tempore/ ūnā hōrā id scrīpsit. 他在那个时候/在一小时内写了它。

4，表分隔，尤其是表示释放，缺乏，剥夺：Metū eōs līberāvit. 他将他们从恐惧中释放出来。

 

单词表：

diēs dieī m 日，天

ferrum -ī n 铁；剑

fidēs fideī f 信仰，信任，忠诚，保护

ignis ignis m 火

modus -ī m 衡量，限度；方式，方法，模式

rēs reī f 东西，事情，事务

rēs publica, reī pūblicae f 共和国

spēs speī f 希望

aequus -a -um 平，平整；平静，公平；让人喜爱的

fēlīx gen.fēlīcis 幸运的，幸福的

incertus -a -um (in-certus) 不确定，怀疑的

Latīnus -a -um 拉丁的

medius -a -um 中间，在中间 media urbs 城市中央

quondam adv 以前，曾经

ultrā adv/prep+acc. 在另一端

prōtinus adv 立刻

cernō cernere crēvī crētum 区分，区别

ēripiō -ripere -ripuī -reptum (ē-rapiō) 带走，解救

tollō tollere sustulī sublātum 提升，举起；带走，拿走，破坏掉