介绍见前一篇。

B.SENECA LUCILIO SUO SALUTEM

 

Cum te tam valde rogo ut studeas, meum negotium ago: habere amicum volo, quod contingere mihi, nisi pergis ut coepisti excolere te, non potest.

contingō -tingere -tigī -tactus tr to come into contact with; to touch, border on; to reach, attain; to infect; to contaminate; (fig) to touch, affect // intr to happen, turn out, come to pass; (w.dat) to touch, border on // v impers it happens, turns out; (w.dat) it befalls one

pergō -gere -rexī -rectus tr to go on interruptedly with, continue; (w. inf) to continue to; iter pergere to go on one’s way // intr to go straight on, continue, proceed; (w. ad) 1 to make one’s way toward; 2 to pass on to, proceed to (esp. a topic); perge modo! go on now!, now get going!

excolō -colere -coluī -cultus tr to tend, cultivate, work carefully; to refine, ennoble, perfect, improve; to adorn; to worship

When I ask so eagerly that you study, I am doing my business: I want to have a friend, because it cannot happen to me, unless you go on so that you began to cultivate yourself.

 

Nunc enim amas me, amicus non es. ‘Quid ergo? haec inter se diversa sunt?’ immo dis similia.

For now you love me, you are not my friend. ‘Therefore what? Are these two different between themselves?’ indeed they are not similar.

 

Qui amicus est amat; qui amat non utique amicus est; itaque amicitia semper prodest, amor aliquando etiam nocet.

prōsum -desse -fuī -futūrus intr to be useful, do good, be profitable ; (w. dat) to be good for, do (s.o.) good; multum prodesse to do a lot of good

noceō -ēre -uī -itum intr (w. dat) to harm, injure

A friend is who loves; who loves is not by all means a friend; therefore friendship is always beneficial, love sometimes also harms.

 

Si nihil aliud, ob hoc profice, ut amare discas. Festina ergo dum mihi proficis, ne istuc alteri didiceris.

prōficiō -ficere -fecī -fectum intr to make progress, make headway, advance; to have success; to be useful, do good, help, be conducive; nihil proficere to do no good

If nothing else, for the sake of this please make progress, so that you learn to love. Hurry up therefore when you are making progress for me, so that you have not learnt the same thing from someone else.

 

Ego quidem percipio iam fructum, cum mihi fingo uno nos animo futuros et quidquid aetati meae vigoris abscessit, id ad me et tua, quamquam non multum abest, rediturum; sed tamen re quoque ipsa esse laetus volo.

percipiō -cipere -cēpī -ceptus tr to get a good hold of ; to catch ; to occupy, seize ; to gather in, harvest, reap ; (of the senses) to take in perceive, feel; (of the feelings) to get hold of, get the better of, come over (s.o.); to learn, know, comprehend, perceive

fingō fingere finxī fictus tr to shape, form; to mold, model (in clay, wax); to arrange (esp. the hair), to trim; to imagine, suppose, think; to contrive, invent; to pretend, feign; to train, influence (s.o.) to be; to compose (poetry); to disguise (looks); to trump up (charges); (w.double acc) to represent as, depict as; ars fingendi sculpture; linguā fingere to lick // refl to pretend to be; (w. ad) 1 to adapt oneself to; 2 to be subservient to

abscēdō -cēdere -cessī -cessum intr (aps-) to go away, depart ; to vanish ; to retire (from work); to desist; (w.dat) to cease to support; (of feelings, illness) to pass; (of heavenly bodies) to move farther away; (mil) to retreat; non abscedere a corpore not to leave the body (of a deceased person)

I indeed already catch the profit, when I think to myself that we are one mind about to be and whatever of vigor that has departed because of my old age, although it is not lacking much, it is about to return to me from your vigor; but nevertheless I wish to be happy likewise by the thing itself.

 

Venit ad nos ex iis quos amamus etiam absentibus gaudium, sed id leve et evanidum: conspectus et praesentia et conversatio habet aliquid vivae voluptatis, utique si non tantum quem velis sed qualem velis videas.

ēvānidus -a -um adj vanishing

praesentia -ae f presence ; efficacy, effect ; animi praesentia presence of mind; resolution; in praesentiā at present, in the present state of affairs; in praesentiā esse to be present, be available; in praesentiam for the present

conversātiō -ōnis f familiarity, close association (with people); conversatio parit contemptum (prov) familiarity breeds contempt

utīque adv anyhow, at least, at any rate; in particular, especially; without condition, absolutely; (after negative) on any account; (in obeying instructions) without fail; cur utique exactly why

quālis -is -e adj what sort of, what kind of; of such a kind, such as, as; (w. quotations and citations) as, as for example; in hoc bello, quale in this war, the likes of which; qualis erat! what a man he was!

voluptatis: genitive noun f. sg. modifying aliquid

Joy comes to us of those who we love even absent, but it is light and vanishing: the sight, and the presence and the familiarity has something of living delight, anyhow if you do not wish so much to see who he is but to see what kind of man he is.

 

Affer itaque te mihi, ingens munus, et quo magis instes, cogita te mortalem esse, me senem.

affor -fārī -fātus sum tr (adf-) to address, accost // pass to be destined

mūnus -eris n (moen-) service, function, duty; gift; favor, kindness; tax, duty; public entertainment, gladiatorial show; tribute (to the dead), rite, sacrifice; public office; in munere (or munere or pro munere) as a gift

instō -stāre -stitī tr to follow, pursue; to work hard at; to menace, threaten // intr to be at hand, approach, be impending; to insist; (w.dat or in +abl) to stand on or in; (w.dat) 1 to be close to; 2 to be on the heels of, pursue closely; 3 to harass

Therefore I should address you a huge favor to me, and you who pursue more, consider yourself to be mortal, me to be old.

 

Propera ad me, sed ad te prius. Profice et ante omnia hoc cura, ut constes tibi.

properō (1) tr to speed up ; to prepare hastily, do in haste // intr to be quick; to go or move quickly

constō -stāre -stitī intr to stand together; to agree, correspond; to stand firm, be constant; to stand still, stand firm; to be in existence; (com) to tally, be correct; (w.abl of price) to cost; ratio constat the account tallies, is correct // v impers it is a fact, it is known; non mihi satis constat I have not quite made up my mind; satis constat it is an established fact, all agree

constes: verb, second person sg., present active subjunctive

Hurry to me, but to yourself first. Make progress and arrange this before everything, so that you can stand firm to yourself.

 

Quotiens experiri voles an aliquid actum sit, observa an eadem hodie velis quae heri: mutatio voluntatis indicat animum natare, aliubi atque aliubi apparere, prout tulit ventus.

experior -īrī -tus sum tr to test, try, prove; to experience, endure, find out; to try to do, attempt; to measure strength with // intr to go to court

natō -āre -āvī -ātus tr to swim (across) // intr to swim, float; to flow; to overflow; (of the eyes) to be glassy; (of birds) to fly, glide; to waver, fluctuate; to hover; to move to and fro

aliubī adv elsewhere; aliubi...aliubi here...there

prout conj as, just as; in so far as, in as much as; (introducing alternatives) prout...ita according to whether...or

When you wish to prove whether there has been anything done, observe whether you want the same thing today as yesterday: change of desire indicates that the mind is floating, is appearing here and also there, just as what wind has brought.

 

Non vagatur quod fixum atque fundatum est: istud sapienti perfecto contingit, aliquatenus et proficienti provectoque.

vagor -ārī -ātus sum or vagō -āre intr to wander, range, roam

fundō (1) tr to found; to put on a firm basis, establish; to secure, make fast // pass (w.abl) to be based on

aliquātenus adv for some distance; to a certain extent; in some respects, partly; up to a point

prōvehō -here -xī -ctus tr to carry forwards; to transport, convey; to lead, lead on; to promote, advance, raise // pass to ride, drive, move, or sail ahead

What is fixed and established does not wander around: this befalls the complete wise man, and to a certain extent to the accomplishing man and one who has gone ahead.

 

Quid ergo interest? hic commovetur quidem, non tamen transit, sed suo loco nutat ; ille ne commovetur quidem. Vale.

commoveō -movēre -mōvī -mōtus tr to stir up, shake; to disturb, upset; to excite, shake up; to arouse, provoke; to generate, produce; (fig)to touch, move; to influence; to impress; to cause, start (a war, battle); to dislodge (an enemy); to call in (a debt)

trānseō -īre -īvī or -iī -itus tr to cross; to desert; to pass (in a race); to pass over, make no mention of; intr to go over, go across, pass over; to pass by, go by

nūtō (1) intr to keep nodding; to sway to and fro, totter; to waver

Therefore what is different between these two? This one is shaken indeed, however does not go across, but it sways to and fro in its place; that one indeed is not shaken. Bye.

 

这个学期很多事情堆着，堆着堆着就堆到期末了。至今仍在奋斗论文和考试。然后就是打包回国，一点不得喘息。

拉丁文仍在学。这学期学得不够用功，对自己不满意。很抱歉没啥新贴给诸位学友。

本周交了期末考试卷子。贴上来吧，是Seneca的两篇书信。单词是查了字典打上去的，比较有价值。翻译是自己的，不够准确，仅供参考。

 

A. SENECA LUCILIO SUO SALUTEM

Seneca says greetings to his Lucilius

 

Cresco et exsulto et discussa senectute recalesco quotiens ex iis quae agis ac scribis intellego quantum te ipse - nam turbam olim reliqueras - superieceris.

crescō crescere crēvī crētum intr to come into being, arise; to grow, grow up; to increase (in size, amount, numbers, length, quantity, dimensions); to swell; to expand; (of rivers) to rise; (of period of time) to advance, progress; to prosper, thrive; to become great; to swell with pride; crescunt nobis animi our spirits rise; die crescente as the day progressed

exsultō -āre -āvī intr to jump up; to frisk about; (of horses) to rear, prance; (of heart) to throb; to exult, rejoice, jump for joy

discutiō -tere -ssī -ssus tr to knock apart ; to smash to pieces, shatter ; to shake off ; to break up, disperse (an assembly, gathering); to dispel (danger, sleep); to frustrate, bring to naught; to suppress, destroy

recalescō -escere -uī intr to get warm again; (of a river) to run warm (e.g., w. blood)

quotiēns adv (interrog) how many times; (correlative) as often as, whenever

ōlim adv once, once upon a time; at the time; for a good while

superjaciō -jacere -jēcī -jectus or -jactus tr to throw on top; to overshoot (a target); fidem superjacere to exceed the bounds of credibility; natare superjecto aequore to swim in the flood waters

discussa: perfect passive participle, sg. f. abl.

I grow and rejoice and get warm again with the old age having been shattered, whenever out of those things which you do and you write I understand how you have exceeded yourself - for you had formerly avoided the crowd.

 

Si agricolam arbor ad fructum perducta delectat, si pastor ex fetu gregis sui capit voluptatem, si alumnum suum nemo aliter intuetur quam ut adulescentiam illius suam iudicet, quid evenire credis iis qui ingenia educaverunt et quae tenera formaverunt adulta subito vident?

perdūcō -ere -xī -ctus tr to lead, guide (to a destination); to bring (to court); (of roads) to lead (to); (of a pimp) to take (s.o.) to (s.o. else’s bed); to cover, spread; to prolong, drag out; to induce; to seduce; (w. ad) 1 to lead, guide, escort to; 2 to build, run (wall, ditch, road, etc.) to; 3 to prolong, drag out, continue (s.th.) to or until; 4 to win over to, convince of

fētus -ūs m childbirth; laying (of eggs); (of plants) producing, bearing; offspring, young; fruit, produce; (fig) product (of mind or imagination)

grex -gis m flock, herd; swarm; company, group, crowd, troop, set, clique, gang; theatrical cast, troupe

alumnus -ī m foster son

aliter adv otherwise, else; aliter...aliter in one way...in another; aliter atque aliter now in one way, now in another; aliter esse or aliter se habere to be different; non (or haud) aliter quam (or ac) si just as if

intueor -ērī -itus sum or intuor -ī tr to look at, gaze at; to consider, take into consideration; to look up to, have regard for; to keep an eye on; to examine visually, inspect terram intueri to look down at the ground

ēveniō -venīre -vēnī -ventum intr  to come out, come forth; to come to pass, happen; to turn out, result, end // v impers it happens

ingenium -(i)ī n innate quality; nature, temperament; character; bent, inclination; mood; natural ability, talent, intellect

tener -era -erum adj tender, soft, delicate; young, youthful; impressionable; weak; effeminate; voluptuous

formō -āre -āvī -ātus tr to form, shape, mold, build; (w. in +acc) to transform into, make into; to make, produce, invent; to imagine; to shape, direct; to instruct; to depict, represent; (gram) to inflect

adultus -a -um adj grown, mature, adult

gregis sui: genitive noun and genitive adj, both in m. sg.

If tree delights a farmer with fruit has been led to, if a shepherd seizes enjoyment out of the offspring of his flock, if one regards one’s foster son just as if one judges the own youth of his, what do you believe to happen to them who have cultivated their inner natures and those young ones they have shaped they suddenly see as adults?

 

Assero te mihi; meum opus es.

asserō -serere -sēvī -sītus tr (w.dat) to plant (s.th.) close to

I want to put myself closer to you; you are my business.

 

Ego cum vidissem indolem tuam, inieci manum, exhortatus sum, addidi stimulos nec lente ire passus sum sed subinde incitavi; et nunc idem facio, sed iam currentem hortor et invicem hortantem.

indolēs -is f inborn quality, natural quality; nature, character; natural ability, talent; (w.gen) natural capacity for, natural tendency toward

injiciō -jicere -jēcī -jectus tr to throw, inject; to hurl, discharge (missiles); to impose, apply; to inspire, infuse; to cause, occasion; to furnish (a cause); to bring up, mention (a name); (w.dat) to put (e.g., a cloak) on (s.o.); manicas alicui injicere to put handcuffs on s.o.; manum injicere (w.dat) 1 to lay hands on; 2 take possession of // refl (w.dat or in + acc) 1 to throw oneself into, rush into, expose oneself to; 2 to fling oneself down on; 3 (of the mind) to turn itself to, concentrate on, reflect on

exhortor -ārī -ātus sum tr to encourage, exhort

stimulus -ī m goad, prick; (fig) stimulus, incentive, spur; (mil) pointed stake concealed below the ground

subinde adv immediately afterwards; promptly; from then on; from time to time, now and then

invicem or in vicem adv in turn, taking turns, one after another, alternately; mutually, each other; defatigatis invicem integri succedunt fresh troops take turns in relieving the exhausted troops

hortor -ārī -ātus sum tr to encourage, cheer, incite, instigate; to give a pep talk to (soldiers)

currentem: active present participle sg. acc. of the verb curro

When I had seen your character, I laid my hand (on it), I put goad on you, I did not allow you to go slowly but I have urged you from time to time; and now I do the same, but now I encourage the one running and in turn he will encourage me.

 

‘Quid illud?’ inquis ‘adhuc volo.’ In hoc plurimum est, non sic quomodo principia totius operis dimidium occupare dicuntur.

dīmidium -iī half

quōmodo adv (interrog) how, in what way; (rel) just as, as

‘What is that thing I want so far?’ You ask. In this there is a great number, not so as the beginnings of the whole work are said to occupy a half.

 

Ista res animo constat; itaque pars magna bonitatis est velle fieri bonum.

constō -stāre -stitī intr to stand together; to agree, correspond; to stand firm, be constant; to stand still, stand firm; to be in existence; (com) to tally, be correct; (w.abl of price) to cost; ratio constat the account tallies, is correct // v impers it is a fact, it is known; non mihi satis constat I have not quite made up my mind; satis constat it is an established fact, all agree

bonitās -ātis f goodness, integrity, good behavior ; excellence, high quality (of things)

fieri: semidep v. present active infinitive

Such a thing corresponds to the mind; therefore a large part of goodness is to wish to become a good man.

 

Scis quem bonum dicam? perfectum, absolutum, quem malum facere nulla vis, nulla necessitas possit.

Do you know what good man I say? Perfect, absolute, to whom no power, no necessity can do bad.

 

Hunc te prospicio, si perseveraveris et incubueris et id egeris ut omnia facta dictaque tua inter se congruant ac respondeant sibi et una forma percussa sint.

prospiciō -spicere -spexī -spectus tr to see in the distance; to spot; to command a view of; to watch for; to look out for, provide for; to foresee // intr to look forward; to look into the distance, have a view; to be on the lookout, exercise foresight

incubō (1) intr (w.dat) 1 to lie in or upon; 2 to lean on; 3 to brood over; 4 to watch jealously over

congruō -ere -ī intr to coincide; to correspond, agree, be consistent; (w. ad or cum) to correspond to, agree with, be consistent with; (w.dat or in + acc) to agree with

percutiō -tere -ssī -ssus tr to beat or hit hard; to strike (w. lightning, sword, etc.); (of snakes) to bite; to knock at (door); to strum (lyre, etc.); to smash; to pierce, stab, run through; to shoot; to kill; to shock, make a deep impression on; to astound; to dig (ditch); to coin (money); to trick, cheat; fusti percutere to beat to death; securi percutere to behead

I foresee you now, if you persist and lean on and make it so that all facts and your words agree among themselves and they respond to themselves and they have been beaten in one form.

 

Non est huius animus in recto cuius acta discordant. Vale.

discordō -āre intr to quarrel, disagree; (w.dat or ab) 1 to be out of harmony with; 2 to be opposed to

cuius: pron gen. sg. m./f.

His mind is not in the right place whose acts disagree. Bye.