Stage 29 Words

abhinc adv (w.acc or abl of time) ago; abhinc annos centum a hundred years ago

abhorreō -ēre -uī intr to shrink back; (w. ab) 1 to be averse to; 2 to be inconsistent with; 3 to differ from; 4 to be free from

adhūc adv thus far, hitherto; till now; as yet, still; besides, in addition, moreover, to a greater degree, still further; (w. numerals) besides; nihil adhuc nothing as yet

admīrātiō -ōnis f admiration, wonder; surprise

adversus -a -um adj (-vors-) opposite, in front; facing; unfavorable; hostile; (astr) diametrically opposite; adversā viā up the road; adverso flumine upstream; frontibus adversis head-on; res adversae misfortunes; ventus adversus head wind // n trouble, adversity, misfortune; the opposite; in adversum forwards; (of several things) in the opposite direction in adversum subire to go uphill; per adversum in the opposite direction

afficiō -ficere -fēcī -fectus tr (adf-) to treat, handle, manage; to influence, move; to attack, afflict; to impair; (w. adv) to treat (in a certain way); (abl and verb may be rendered by the English verb corresponding to the Latin abl): cruce afficere to crucify; honoribus afficere to honor; supplicio affigere to punish

agger -eris m rubble; soil; rampart; break-water; dike, dam; fortification; ramp; pile, heap, collection; ridge, mound, hill; funeral pyre; agger ripae bank (of river); agger (viae) causeway

altus -a -um adj high; deep; profound (wisdom); deep, loud (sound); intense (heat, cold); thick (fog); high-born, ancient (lineage) // n high seas, the deep; heaven; ab alto from on high, from heaven; ex alto far-fetched; ex alto petere (or repetere) to go far afield for

amplector -plectī -plexus sum tr to embrace, hug; to cling to; to accept gladly, welcome; to comprise, extend over, cover, include; to encircle (enemy forces); to grasp, grip; to understand; (of serpent) to coil itself around; (mil) to occupy

amplexō -āre or amplexor -ārī -ātus sum tr to embrace; to welcome; to cling to, grasp; to espouse, cherish

annus -ī m year; season; age, time of life; year of office; year’s produce, crops; ad annum for the coming year, a year from now; anno last year; anno exeunte (or anno pleno) at the end of the year; (annum or in annum) for a year; annus meus (tuus, etc.) my (your, etc)year of office; annus solidus a full year

anus -ūs f old woman; hag

appellō -āre -āvī -ātus tr (adp-) to speak to, address, accost; to appeal to, call on, beseech; to make overtures to, approach; to invoke (god as witness); to demand payment of; to call up (to pay a debt or obligation); to recognize (as), style officially; to name, call; to mention by name, use the name of, mention; to pronounce; to designate, term, call; to demand payment of; (leg) to sue; imperatorem appellare to hail as “Imperator” // intr to appeal

arcus -ūs m bow; rainbow; curve; arch; triumphal arch; one of the five zones of the sky

audeō audēre ausus sum tr to dare, risk; vix ausim (old perf subj active) credere I could scarcely dare to believe // intr to dare, be bold

augur -uris mf augur (priest who foretold future by observing birds); seer

avia -ae f grandmother; old wives’ tale

avis -is f bird; sign, omen; avis alba (or rara) rarity

candelābrum -ī n candlestick, candelabrum; lampstand

cantō -āre -āvī -ātus tr to sing; to play; to sing of, celebrate; to harp on, keep repeating; to drawl out; to predict; (of birds) to sing, crow, warble; (of actor) to play the part of // intr to sing; to play; (of instruments) to sound; to drawl; (of rooster) to crow; ad surdas aures cantare (fig) to preach to deaf ears

carmen -inis n song, tune; poem; poetry; lyric poetry; incantation; oracular utterance; ritual formula; legal formula; adage

castellum -ī n fort, fortress; (fig) stronghold, refuge; small reservoir or center of distribution on an aqueduct

circiter adv about, nearly, approximately // prep (w.acc) about, near

circumveniō -venīre -vēnī -ventus tr to enclose, surround; to go around to; to distress, beset; to circumvent, cheat; to prosecute or convict unjustly

citharoedus -ī m singer-musician (with self accompaniment on cithara/lyre); harpist

clādēs -is f disaster; loss; (mil) defeat, carnage; destruction; ruins; (of person) scourge, destroyer

claudō -dere -sī -sus tr to shut, close; to bring to a close, conclude; to shut up; to lock up, imprison; (mil) to blockade, hem in; to limit; to cut off, block; to keep secret, suppress (feelings, thoughts); agmen claudere to bring up the rear; numeris (or pedibus) claudere to put into verse; transitum claudere to block traffic

conficiō -ficere -fēcī -fectus tr to make, manufacture, process, refine; to do, perform, accomplish; to carry out, discharge; to celebrate (a rite, festival); to make ready, prepare; to complete, execute, fulfill; to bring about, cause; to bring together, collect; to secure, obtain; to use up, wear out, exhaust; to finish off,

destroy, kill; to run through, waste (money, inheritance); to chew (food); to digest (food); to spend, pass (time); to compose, write; to set down in writing, record; to demonstrate; to cover (a distance); (of grief, worry) to overwhelm

consciscō -iscere -īvī or -iī -ītus tr to decree, decide on; (w. sibi) to inflict on oneself; sibi mortem consciscere to decide on suicide

conspicuus -a -um adj visible, in sight; conspicuous, striking, remarkable, distinguished

corōna -ae f crown, garland; circle of bystanders; (mil) cordon of besiegers; (mil) ring of defense; corona civica decoration for a saving a life;

culter -trī m knife; razor; plowshare

cursus -ūs m running, speeding, speed; trip; course, direction; suitable time or weather for travel; rapid movement, flow; progress; magno cursu at top speed; cursus honorum political career

decōrus -a -um adj beautiful, graceful; glorious, noble; suitable, proper, decorous // n grace; propriety

dedicō -āre -āvī -ātus tr to dedicate, consecrate, set aside; to declare (property in a census return)

dēfendō -dere -dī -sus tr to defend, protect, guard; to repel, beat off, avert; to keep off (the cold, heat); to answer (a charge); to support, uphold (argument); to play thepart of (a character); (leg)to defend; (w.dat) to ward off (s.th. harmful) from; solstitium pecori defendere to ward off the noonday heat from the flock, protect the flock from the noonday heat

dēfīgō -gere -xī -xus tr to fix, fasten down; to drive down; to fix, concentrate (eyes, attention); to root to the spot, astound; to bewitch; in tera defigere to stick (weapon into s.o.)

dēsistō -sistere -stitī intr to stop, desist; to get stuck, stick; (w. abl or w. ab or de + abl) to desist from, abandon, give up (an action begun); desistere a defensione to give up the defense

discrīmen -inis n dividing line; interval, intervening space, division, distance, separation; discrimination, difference, distinction; critical moment, turning point; crisis, jeopardy, peril, danger, risk; decision, determination; decisive battle; difference in pitch; res in discrimine est the situation is at a critical stage; parvum discrimen leti narrow escape from death

dolor -ōris m pain, ache; grief, distress; indignation, resentment, chagrin; pathos; object of grief; capitis dolor headache; dentium dolor toothache; esse dolori (w.dat) to be a cause of grief or resentment to

effigiēs -ēī or effigia -ae f effigy, likeness, semblance; opposite number; copy, imitation; image; statue, figure, portrait; ghost, phantom

equitēs: equites (wealthy men ranking below senators)

ēvertō -tere -tī -sus tr (-vor-) to overturn, turn upside down; to overthrow; to turn out, expel; to subvert, destroy, ruin

ex(s)truō -ere -xī -ctus tr to pile up; to build, erect, construct

expugnō -āre -āvī -ātus tr to assault, storm; to break into, plunder (a home); to defeat; (fig) to overcome, sweep aside (conditions, purposes); (fig) to achieve, accomplish; (fig) to extort, wrest, gain; to persuade, overcome the resistance of

exstruō -ere -xī -ctus tr to pile up; to build, erect, construct

exta -ōrum npl vital organs, entrails

exter or exterus -a -um adj exterior, outward; foreign strange; mare exterum the ocean (as opposed to the Mediterranean Sea) // m foreigner (exterior -or -us comp; extremus -a -um super)

famēs -is f hunger; starvation; famine; fasting; (fig) craving; (rhet) bald style, poverty of expression

ferrum -ī n iron; tool, implement; iron object; sword, dart, arrowhead, ax, plowshare, crowbar, spade, scissors, stylus, curling iron, (surgical) knife; gladiatorial fight;

festus -a -um adj festive, joyous, in holiday mood; dies festus holiday // n (often plural in singular sense) holiday, festival; festum agere to observe a holiday

figura -ae f figure, shape, form; phantom, host; nature, kind; figure of speech

flāgitō -āre -āvī -ātus tr to demand; (w. double acc, or w. ab) to demand (s.th.) of (s.o.)

flōs flōris m flower; bud, blossom; best (of anything); prime (of life); youthful beauty; innocence, chastity; crown, glory; aroma (of wine); best period, heyday, zenith; (rhet) literary ornament

fortitudō -inis f fortitude, bravery, courage; strength; resolution

frāter -tris m brother; cousin; (euphem) (homosecual) sex patner; frater germanus full brother; frater patruelis first cousin (on father’s side)

fulgeō -gēre -sī or fulgō -ere intr to gleam, flash, blaze, shine, glare; to be conspicuous, be illustrious

furtum -ī n theft, robbery; trick; secret action, intrigue; secret love // npl intrigues; secret love affair; stolen goods

glōrior -ārī -ātus sum tr (only w. neuter pron as object) to boast about this, be proud of this; idem gloriari to make the same boast, be proud of the same thing // intr to be proud ; to boast; (w.abl or w.de or in+abl) to take pride in, boast about; (w. adversus +acc) to boast or brag to (s.o.)

identidem adv again and again, continually; now and then, at intervals

illūc (acc; -ūc; abl -ōc) adj neut that // pron it

immineō -ēre intr (inm-) to project, stick out; to be near, e imminent; to threaten, menace; (w. dat) 1 to look out over, overlook (a view); 2 to hover over, loom over, threaten; (w.dat or in + acc) to be intent on, be eager for

inde adv from there; from that source, therefrom; from that time on, after that, thereafter; then; from that cause

indulgeō -gēre -sī -sus tr (w.dat) to grant, concede (s.th.) to; veniam indulgere (w.dat) to make allowances for // refl sibi indulgere to be self-indulgent, take liberties // intr (w.dat) 1 to be lenient toward, be kind to, be tender to; 2 to yield to, give way to; 3 to indulge in, be addicted to; 4 to make allowance for;5 (of deities, fate, etc.) to look favorably on, show kindness to; 6 to take pleasure in; 7 to devote oneself to (an activity)

inflīgō -gere -xī -ctus tr (w. dat) 1 to strike (s.th.) against, smash (s.th.) against; 2 to inflict (wound) on; 3 to bring (e.g., disgrace) to

inflō -āre -āvī -ātus tr (of wind) to blow on; to blow (horn), play (flute); (of a deity) to inspire; to inflate, fill with conceit; to puff up (cheeks); to fill (sails); to distend, bloat; to amplify (sound); to inflate (price)

intentē adv intently, attentively

invicem adv

invicem or in vicem adv in turn, taking turns, one after another, alternately; mutually, each other; defatigatis invicem integri succedunt fresh troops take turns in relieving the exhausted troops

iugulum -ī n iugulus -ī m throat

lacus -ūs m vat; tank, pool, reservoir, cistern; lake

lectica -ae f litter

lēniō -īre -īvī or -iī -ītus tr to soothe, alleviate, calm // intr to calm down

līberī -ōrum or -um mpl children; sons;

lūgeō -gēre -xī -ctus tr to mourn, lament, deplore // intr to mourn, be in mourning; to be in mourning clothes

lux lūcis f light; light of day, life; daylight; public view, publicity; the public, the world; light of hope, encouragement; glory; elucidation; luce (or luci) by daylight, in the daytime; lux aestiva summer; lux brumalis winter; (cum) pirmā luce at daybreak

magistrātus -ūs m magistracy; magistrate, official; military command

marmor -oris n marble; marble statue, marble monument; marble vessel; milestone; smooth surface of the sea // npl marble pavement

massa -ae f mass, lump; (coll) chunk of money; bulk, size; heavyweight (used in exercising)

mātrōna -ae f married woman, matron, wife; lady

memor oris adj mindful, remembering, having a good memory; careful, thoughtful; observant; (w. gen) mindful of, remembering

miser -era -erum adj poor, pitiful; wretched, miserable, unhappy; sorry, worthless (miserior -or -us comp; miserrimus -a -um super)

morior -ī -tuus sum intr to die; (fig) to decay, pass away, die out; (of fires) to die out; (of flowers) to wither, die off; moriar nisi (coll) hope to die if… not

mōs mōris m custom, usage, practice; caprice, mood; nature; manner; fashion, style, rule, regulation, law; de more (or ex more)according to custom;

mūnītiō -ōnis f building, fortifying, defending; fortification, rampart, trenches, lines; munitio fluminum bridge of rivers; munitio viae road construction

nanciscor -ciscī -ctus sum or nactus sum tr to get, obtain; to come across, find; to arrive at; to experience, meet with; to contract (a disease)

natus or gnātus -a -um pp of nascor // adj born; (w. dat or ad or in+ acc) born for, made for, naturally suited to, fit for; (w. annos) at the age of …, …years old, e.g., annos viginti natus at the age of twenty, twenty years old; non amplius novem annos natus no more than nine years old; pro re nata (or e re nata) under the existing circumstances, as matters stand; res nata the situation, the way things are // m son // mpl children // f daughter

nox noctis f night; night activity; sleep; death; darkness, blindness; mental darkness, ignorance; gloom; ad multam noctem till late at night; nocte (or de nocte) at night, by night; noctem et diem night and day; sub noctem at night fall //fpl noctes et dies night and day, continually

obstinātiō -ōnis f determination; obstinacy, stubbornness

occāsiō -ōnis f opportunity, good time, right moment, chance; pretext; (mil) surprise, raid

opus -eris n work; product of work; structure, building; literary work, composition, book; work of art, workmanship; deed, achievement; literary genre

ornō -āre -āvī -ātus tr to equip, fit out, furnish; to outit, dress; to set off, decorate, adorn; to show (s.o.) respect; (w.abl) 1 to honor with; 2 (of things) to give distinction to, enhance

ōrō -āre -āvī -ātus tr to beg, entreat, implore, plead with; to ask for; (w.double acc) to ask (s.o.) for; (leg) to plead (a case) // intr to plead, beg, pray; (w. cum) to plead with, argue with

patrōnus -ī m legal protector, patron; advocate (in court); defender

paul(l)isper adv for a little while

pauper -eris adj poor (financially); scanty, meanger; (w.gen)poor in // mf pauper

pavor -ōris m panic, terror, dread; dismay; quaking, shivering; pavorem injicere (w.dat) to strike terror into

pereō -īre -iī -itum intr to pass away, pass on, die; to go to waste, perish, be destroyed; to be lost, be ruined, be undone; to be desperately in love, pine away; (of snow) to melt away; (of iron) to rust away; perii! (coll) I’m finished!, I’m washed up!

perficiō -ficere -fēcī -fectus tr to complete, finish, bring to an end; to accomplish, carry out, execute; to perfect; to cause; (w. ut, ne) to bring it about (that, that not)

pēs pedis m foot (of body, of table, of couch; in verse); rope at lower part of a sail, sheet

polyspaston crane

pompa -ae f solemn procession; parade; retinue; pomp, ostentation

praeruptus -a -um adj broken off, broken up; rough (terrain); steep; hasty, impetuous; (of an utterance) cut short // n precipice, steep place; (fig) dangerous undertaking

praesum -esse -fuī -futūrus intr to preside; in provinciā praeesse to govern a province; (w.dat) 1 to preside over, be in charge of, be in command of; 2 to be preeminent in

praetextus -a -um pp of praetexo // adj bordered; wearing the crimson-bordered toga; fibula praetexta Roman tragic drama // f see praetexta // n pretext, pretense, excuse

procul adv at a distance, in the distance; far away, a great way off; from a distance, from far; haud procul afuit quin legatos violarent they came close to outraging the ambassadors; non procul ab not far from

prōsiliō -īre -uī or -īvī or -iī intr to jump forward, jump up; to jump to one’s feet; (of blood) to spurt; (of sparks) to shoot out, fly; to dash

quia conj because

quiescō -escere -ēvī -ētum intr to rest, keep quiet, be inactive; to fall asleep; to sleep, be asleep; to lie still, be still, be undisturbed; to say no more, be quiet; (of the dead) to find rest; to pause, make a pause; (of a person) to be calm, remain calm be unruffled; (of physical forces, of conditions) to die down, subside, be still; (of things) to cease to operate; to be neutral, keep neutral, take no action; to refrain from violence, make no disturbance, remain peaceful; (of troops) to make no move; (w.inf) to cease to, stop; to take no steps to, omit to; (w. ab + abl) to be free from

rebellō -āre -āvī -ātum intr to rebel

redemptor -ōris m contractor; revenue agent

rostrum -ī n bill, beak; snout, muzzle; curved bow (of ship) // npl rostrum (in the Roman Forum so called because it was adorned with the beaks of ships taken from the battle of Antium, 338 B.C.); pro rostris orationem habere to give a speech from the rostrum

rūpēs -is f cliff

sacrificium -(i)ī n sacrifice; sacrificium facere (or perpetrare) (w. dat) to offer a sacrifice to

sculpō -ere -sī -tus tr to carve, chisel, engrave

serēnus -a -um adj clear, bright, fair; cloudless; cheerful, serene // n clear sky, fair weather

servitūs -ūtis f slavery; slaves; property liability, easement

sileō -ēre -uī tr to leave unmentioned, say nothing about // intr to be silent, be still; to keep silent; to be hushed; to rest, cease

sors sortis f lot; casting of lots, decision by lot; prophecy; fate, destiny, lot in life; portion, share; sort, kind // sorte ductī: chosen by not

specus -ūs m (n) cave, cavern; (any artificial excavation) hole, pit, tunnel, ditch; cavity (of a wound, etc.)

status -ūs m position; posture; social standing, rank, prestige; state of affairs, situation, condition; (gram) mood of the verb; (leg) legal position (in regard to rights, obligations); (mil) position; (rhet) point at issue; status rei publicae type of government, form of constitution

superstes -itis adj standing by as a witness; surviving; posthumous; (w.gen or dat) outliving, surviving (s.o.); superstes esse to live on; superstes esse (w.gen or dat) to outlive (s.o.)

superstes -itis m survivor

taurus -ī m bull; bronze bull made as an instrument of torture

terribilis -is -e adj terrible, frightful

titulus -ī m inscription; label; title, heading (of a book, chapter); chapter (of a book); personal title; identification tag; notice, advertisement; pretext, ostensible motive; claim to fame; title of honor; renown; (w.gen) 1 honor or distinction arising from; 2 reputation for

transfigō -figere -fixī -fixus tr to pierce; to run (s.o.) through

tuba -ae f trumpet (with a straight tube, as opposed to the cornus; used in war, at religious ceremonies, at the start of public shows, at weddings, funerals, etc.)

tubicen -inis m trumpeter

undique adv from all directions, on all sides, everywhere; in all respects, completely

usque adv all the way, right on; all the time, continuously; even, as much as; (without addition of an adv or prep) to the fullest extent, completely; usque ab (w.abl) all the way from; ever since; usque ad (w.acc) all the way to; all the way back in time to…; // prep (w.acc) up to, as far as,right until

validus -a -um adj strong, powerful, able; healthy; robust; fortified; influential; efficacious

vel adv even, actually; perhaps; for instance; vel…vel either…or

Vesta -ae f Vesta (Roman goddess of the hearth and the home)

Vi Sacra: the Sacred Way (road running through forum)

victima -ae f (-tum-) victim; sacrifice

Virginēs Vestālēs Vestal virgins (priestesses of Vesta)

vultus -ūs m (vol-) face; looks, expression, features; look, appearance